Cyanide Decomposition

Industry	: Electrical and Electronics
Product	: pH/ORP Analyzer

Introduction

Oxidation Monitoring in the Cyanide Wastewater Treatment Process

Cyanide-bearing wastewater from mining and electroplating facilities and certain types of chemical plants is toxic and must be treated by oxidation with chlorine or chloride to bring the cyanide concentration within regulatory limits. The waste materials contain alkaline, rare earth metals, and other heavy metals such as iron, nickel, zinc, cadmium, copper, silver and gold. As well as sometimes can contain the deadly poison, cyanide. As the speed of the oxidation reaction is closely tied to the pH value, a pH analyzer is used together with an ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) analyzer to monitor the completion of the reaction. The use of these analyzers also ensures that excessive amounts of chemicals (e.g., chlorine) are not used to produce the reaction. Both 2-wire and 4-wire analyzers are suitable for this measurement system. A gold electrode should be used for ORP measurement of cyanidecontaining solutions.

Cyanide decomposition process

Expected Benefits

-	Measures pH/ORP of cyanide wastewater continuously
-	Reduces operating costs

Process Overview

Cyanide decomposition takes place in two stages. In the primary reaction, cyanide is oxidized to cyanate under high alkaline conditions (high pH and ORP). In the first reaction tank, the pH of the waste is measured and caustic (NaOH at 50% strength) is injected to raise the pH to 10 or higher. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the waste is measured, and chlorine gas (Cl2) is automatically injected to raise the ORP to 400 mV or higher. The reaction normally occurs within 5 to 10 minutes. In the secondary reaction, the cyanate is further oxidized under near-neutral conditions and converted to harmless carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases. In the second reaction tank, the pH of the waste is measured, and acid is injected to lower pH to 7-8. This process takes 2 to 5 minutes. In the third reaction tank, the ORP of the waste is measured and chlorine gas (Cl2) is automatically injected to raise the ORP to 600 mV or higher (Meanwhile the pH controller maintains the set-point at 7-8, correcting for any acidity created by the addition of the chlorine gas). This reaction occurs, taking 10 to 15 minutes, then the cyanide is eventually converted to harmless materials by the above reaction and the waste can be discharged.

Solution Details

Measurement system

2-wire/4-wire ORP measurement system
2-wire/4-wire pH measurement system

Sensor
	KCl refillable ORP sensor:	OR8EFG-AU-☐☐-TT1-☐*A
	KCl refillable pH sensor:	PH8EFP-☐☐-TN-TT1-N-☐*A
	Submersion type holder:	PH8HS-PP-☐☐-T-NN-NN*A

Terminal box (when needed)
	WTB10-PH1 (for 2-wire system)
	WTB10-PH3 (for 4-wire system)

Converter/transmitter:
	2-wire transmitter (pH/ORP):	PH202G-E-E
	4-wire pH/ORP converter:	PH450G-A-☐
	Distributor (for 2-wire system):	PH201G- A☐*B

	Measurement Conditions A gold electrode should be used to ensure accurate measurement of ORP in cyanide solutions. When the potential is near or under 200 mV during the cyanide oxidation process, a platinum electrode produces a catalytic reaction that causes hydrogen to form on the electrode surface. This generates potential and affects measured values.
Measurement of ORP

Utilities

PH202G
	Power supply:	17 to 40 V DC (from distributor)
PH450G
	Power supply:	96 to 264 V AC, 50/60 Hz
	Power consumption:	approx. 15 VA
PH201G distributor
	Power supply:	100 V: 20 to130 V DC/80 to 138 V AC, 47 to 63 Hz
	Power supply:	220 V: 120 to 340 V DC/138 to 264 V AC, 47 to 63 Hz
	Power consumption	24 V DC: approx. 200 mA
		100 V AC: approx. 7 VA
		220 V AC: approx. 11 VA