The W-CDMA 3GPP specification for synchronization provides for 15 synchronization codes to be inserted in one frame as shown in the first figure.
- The same codes are inserted in the Primary Synchronization Channel.
- Different codes are inserted in the Secondary Synchronization Channel according to a preset sequence from No.1 to No. 15.
The frame's time slot synchronization and frame synchronization are set based on these codes.
Problems:
When evaluating a receiver, base band analog signals (synchronization channels after orthogonal recovering) are monitored to verify that each synchronization is performed correctly. However, it is difficult to judge the "L"or "H"state of analog signals, and it is almost impossible to search codes visually.