What Is Distributed Temperature Sensing?
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) measures temperature distribution over the length of an optical fiber cable using the fiber itself as the sensing element. Unlike traditional electrical temperature measurement (thermocouples & RTD), the length of the fiber optic cable is the temperature sensor. Distributed temperature sensing can provide thousands of accurate and precise temperature measurements over a long distance. Compared to traditional electrical temperature measurements, distributed temperature sensing represent a cost effective method for obtaining accurate and high resolution temperature measurement.
Introducing Fiber-Optic Temperature Sensor, DTSX
Temperature monitoring throughout large plants without blank areas is difficult due to technical and cost issues and it is hard to comply with corporate HSE policies. DTSX measures temperature distribution over the length of an optical fiber cable using the fiber itself as the sensing element and it is ideal for temperature monitoring over long distances and wide areas. DTSX has been increasingly used in variety of applications such as fire detection, leak detection and preventative maintenance.
What Are the Advantages of Using DTS ?
- Cost
When an application requires hundreds or thousands of sensors to be measured, it becomes very expensive to wire each individual sensor back to a data acquisition station. It is much more cost effective and beneficial to acquire accurate and high resolution temperature measurement using fiber optic cable. - Long distance
It is difficult to measure temperature over a long distance using traditional electrical measurement sensors. Not only can DTS fiber optic cable be deployed over a long distance but it also provides a high resolution profile of the area as well as accurate and precise temperature measurement over that distance. - High electromagnetic noise environment
DTS is isolated from electromagnetic noise because of its optical characteristics. Unlike traditional electrical measurement sensors (thermocouple & RTD) there is no electrical component within the optical fiber, therefore, it is immune to electromagnetic noise.
What Is DTSX3000 Distributed Temperature Sensor ?
The DTSX3000 can measure up to 50 km long distances. This makes it suitable for measuring the surface temperature distribution of large facilities, such as long-distance power cables, pipelines for transporting liquids and gases, and storage tanks.
About OpreX
OpreX is the comprehensive brand for Yokogawa’s industrial automation (IA) and control business and stands for excellence in the related technology and solutions. It consists of categories and families under each category. This product belongs to the OpreX Field Instruments family that is aligned under the OpreX Measurement category.
Details
Measurement Principle
Operating Principle
Yokogawa DTSX3000 measures temperature and distance over the length of an optical fiber using the Raman scatter principle. A pulse of light (laser pulse) launched into an optical fiber is scattered by fiber glass molecules as it propagates down the fiber and exchanges energy with lattice vibrations. As the light pulse scatters down the fiber optic cable, it produces stokes signal (longer wavelength) and anti-stokes (shorter wavelength) signal, of which both signals shifted from the launch of the light source. The intensity ratio of the two signals components depends on the temperature at the position where the Raman scatter is produced. This temperature can thus be determined by measuring the respective intensities of the stokes and anti-stokes signals. Furthermore, part of the scattered light, known as the backscatter, is guided back towards the light source. The position of the temperature reading can thus be determined by measuring the time taken for the backscatter to return to the source.
Raman Scattering
All light interacts with matter! For example, imagine standing in a pitch black garage with no external light source. Inside this garage is a bright red sports car. Needless to say, you cannot see the sports car or the color of the sports car itself. However, when you turn on the lights to the garage, you can immediately see the light source reflecting the bright red color off the car. The light that is bouncing off the red sports car is only bouncing off the "red" spectrum, therefore, your eyes see the sports car as, well, red.
This phenomena is also true when you shoot a pulse of light (laser pulse) off of a molecule, in this case, the fiber glass molecule in the optical fiber cable. When the light source enters the optical fiber cable, most of the light bounces (backscatter) back unchanged (no change in wavelength). However, a small amount of that light shifted/changed. That shift/change from the light source is called Raman Scatter. Since Raman Scatter is thermally influenced by temperature, the intensity depends on temperature. Distributed temperature sensing is capturing the shift/change from the propagating light pulse and measuring the intensities between the two signal components (stokes and anti-stokes).
Types of Scattering Light
Yokogawa's distributed temperature sensors measure temperature distribution using Raman scattering light, which exhibits particularly good temperature sensitivity among the following types of scattering light.
Types of Scattering Light | Features | Field of Application |
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Rayleigh Scattering (Rayleigh) |
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Raman Scattering (Raman) |
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Brillouin Scattering (Brillouin) |
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Measurement Method
Single-Ended Measurement Method
- This method launches optical pulses into only one end of the optical fiber for sensing. Easy to install, it is effective when the measuring target is long range.
Double-Ended Measurement Method
- This method launches optical pulses into both ends of a looped optical fiber for sensing.
- This method allows for continued measurement even if on place of the fiber optic cable is broken.
Comparison of Measurement Methods
Measurement Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
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Single-Ended Measurement Method |
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Double-Ended Measurement Method |
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Types of Temperature Sensors
Types of Temperature Sensors and Their Features
Type | Features |
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Fiber Optic Sensor | An optical fiber, used as the temperature sensor, is suitable for monitoring temperatures over a long distance and wide area. It allows you to identify specific locations on a per sampling-interval basis along the fiber optic sensor cable and to monitor the temperature at each location. |
Thermo Camera | This instrument detects infrared radiant energy from objects to measure temperatures. Capable of measuring temperature distributions over a wide area in a non-contact manner, it is suitable for monitoring temperatures of industrial furnaces, solids of revolution, and so on. |
Resistance Thermometer | This sensor uses the characteristic of the electrical resistance of metal that changes almost in proportion to temperature. Capable of accurate temperature measurement, it is suitable for industrial precision temperature measurement. |
Thermocouple | When two different metals are connected to each other, the temperature difference between the metals develops electromotive force at the connection. This sensor uses this electromotive force. Capable of measuring temperature over a wide area at low cost, it is widely used as a temperature sensor for industrial use. |
Radiation Thermometer | This thermometer measures temperatures by measuring the intensity of infrared rays from materials. As a non-contact thermometer capable of remote measurement, it is suitable for measuring ultra-high temperatures. |
Comparison among Temperature Monitoring Methods
Fiber Optic Sensor |
Thermo Camera |
Point Sensor (Thermocouple) |
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Description | Wide-area monitoring based on a fiber optic sensor | Surface temperature monitoring based on a thermo camera | Multipoint monitoring based on discrete sensors |
Detection Method | Contact | Non-contact | Contact |
Range of Temperatures Monitored | -200 to 300 °C (Based on a sensor cable) |
Normal temperature to 2000 °C (Range switching required) |
-200 to 1000 °C (Type K thermocouple) |
Area | Coverage of a very wide area DTSX200: up to 6 km / ch DTSX3000: up to 50 km / ch DTSX1: up to 16 km / ch |
Small viewing angle of 20° | Wide area |
Advantages | Coverage of a very wide area and seamless monitoring | Capability of a limited tiny area monitoring | Capability of a limited tiny area monitoring |
Disadvantages | Restricted to small areas | Non-seamless monitoring | Non-seamless monitoring Installation and maintenance of compensating lead wires |
Performance
Representative parameters that indicate the performance of distributed temperature sensors include the spatial resolution and temperature resolution. In spite of the fact that in general, there is a trade-off relationship between these parameters, we have realized high performance based on signal processing technology.
Spatial Resolution
- The spatial resolution is the minimum length that detects changes in temperature (it is also referred to as the response distance).
- The spatial resolution is defined as the length when a temperature change of 10 to 90 percent of the optical fiber for sensing is detected.
- The sampling resolution represents the data interval, the definition of which is different from that of the spatial resolution.
Temperature Resolution
- The temperature resolution is defined by the standard deviation (1 σ) of measured values along the fiber optic sensor in a uniform temperature environment (in a thermostat chamber).
- The temperature resolution is the indicator of variations, which does not indicate temperature accuracy (the use of a reference thermometer in calibration makes it possible to make measurements with a higher temperature accuracy).
- Raman backscattering light is a very faint signal. By repeating measurements to average measured values, the distributed temperature sensors achieve a higher temperature resolution.
Examples of measurement results (DTSX200)
Types of cables
You can choose the most suitable type according to your intended use.
Normal Operating Temperature | Applications | Cable Type | Cable Details | Features |
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Normal Temperature |
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Standard Type | Image Zoom | Nonmetal, lightweight, and easy to install EN 54-22 certified |
Robust Type | Image Zoom | Resistant to crush and tension and less likely to break EN 54-22 certified |
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Flexible Type | Image Zoom | Thin and flexible and easy to install along the measurement targets | ||
High / Low Temperature |
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Steel Tube Type | Image Zoom | Thin and flexible and easy to install along the measurement targets |
Steel Armored Type | Image Zoom | Resistant to crush and tension and less likely to break |
Flexible System Construction That Adapts to a Wide Range of Applications
Temperature data is processed (zone and alarm settings and warnings are made) at a host system, allowing for flexible system construction according to the system size and your requirements.
If an optionally available PLC (FA-M3 or e-RT3) or recorder is incorporated, the system can produce a contact output when it gives a warning.
【Example of a Host System】
SMATRDAC+ (recorder and data logging software), CI server and CENTUM (integrated production control system)
Product Introduction
DTSX3000 Overview
The DTSX3000 distributed temperature sensor is configured by a DTS module, an optical switch module, a base module, a power supply module, and so on.
Variety of distance ranges selectable according to the target size.
- DTSX3000 -S : 10 km Range
- DTSX3000 -N : 16 km Range
- DTSX3000 -M : 30 km Range
- DTSX3000 -L : 50 km Range
On the Partner Portal Member Site, you can check the details of the specifications.
GS 39J06B40-01 : DTSXL Distributed Temperature Sensor Long Range System
GS 39J02B40-01 : DTSXL Distributed Temperature Sensor Long Range System (Software)
Optical Switch Module
We provide three different types of optical switches.
They are module types, offering choices according to your intended use.
- DTOS2L : 2 - channel optical switch module
- DTOS4L : 4 - channel optical switch module
- DTOS16L : 16 - channel optical switch module
Base Module
The base module for DTSX3000 is used for mounting various function modules including the DTSX3000 distributed temperature sensor, power supply modules, optical switch modules and CPU I/O modules
Power Supply Module
One of the following power supply modules must be selected.(* Input voltage range by model name)
- NFPW426 : 10 to 30 V DC
- NFPW441 : 100 to 120 V AC
- NFPW442 : 220 to 240 V AC
- NFPW444 : 21.6 to 31.2 V DC
Accessory
DTRK10 Rack Mount Kit
The rack mount kit can be used for laying optical fibers in a cabinet.
Software
DTSX3000 Control Visualization Software (DTAP3000)
The DTSX3000 needs to process temperature measurement data at multiple points from multiple channels.
The DTAP3000 is application software specifically designed to facilitate making settings of the DTSX3000 and indicating measurement data. With a variety of functions, such as setting and control of the main unit of the DTSX3000 and optical switch, indication of measurement results, analysis of changes in temperature, and setting and indication of alarms, the software provides you with information that helps you monitor temperature.
DTSX3000 data conversion software (DTAP3000D)
The DTAP3000D is application software for converting data to the WITSML format, the standard format for the oil and gas markets. This software allows you to create data in the WITSML format directly from the DTSX3000.
Specifications
Refer to the General Specifications for detailed specifications.
DTSX 3000
Item | Specifications | ||||||
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Distance range suffix code | -S | -N | -M | -L | |||
Distributed temperature measurement |
Distance | Measurement distance range | 6 km, 10 km | 6 km, 10 km, 16 km | 6 km, 10 km, 16 km, 20 km, 30km |
6 km, 10 km, 16 km, 20 km, 30 km, 50 km |
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Sampling resolution | 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m | ||||||
Spatial resolution | 1 m or less | ||||||
Temperature | Measurement temperature range | -200 to 300 °C (dependent on the optical fiber for sensing) | |||||
Temperature resolution (measurement time: 10-minute measurement, 1 σ, without optical switch) |
Distance range | 10 km | 16 km | 30 km | 50 km | ||
Max. Value | 0.03 °C | 0.06 °C | 0.2 °C | 2.6 °C | |||
Typical Value | 0.02 °C | 0.03 °C | 0.1 °C | 1.6 °C | |||
Sensor optical fiber | Optical fiber | 50 / 125 μm GI closed end, non-reflection required |
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Optical connector | E2000 / APC | ||||||
Interface | Serial (RS-232C) | 3 ports, non-isolated, RJ45 modular jacks Full duplex, asynchronous |
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SERIAL 1: Function: Communication (Modbus) Baud rate: 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6, 115.2 kbps |
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SERIAL 2: Function: Communication (Modbus) Baud rate: 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4 kbps |
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SERIAL 3: Function: Maintenance (Private) |
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Network Interface | LAN | 1 port, 10 BASE-T or 100 BASE-TX, RJ45 modular jacks, automatic negotiation, automatic MDI, with power switch (ON/OFF) |
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Display | LEDs: HRDY, RDY, LASER ON | ||||||
Power supply | Consumption | Operating mode | 16 W | ||||
Power save mode | 2.1 W | ||||||
Dimensions (W x H x D) | 197.8 x 132.0 x 162.2 mm (6 slots width) | ||||||
Weight | 2.5 kg |
Optical Switch Module
Item | Specifications | |||
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Model | DTOS2L | DTOS4L | DTOS16L | |
Insertion loss | 0.8 db (Typical) 1.4 dB (Max.) |
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Distributed temperature measurements | Measurement type | Single end, Double end | ||
Sensor optical fibers | Optical fiber | 50 / 125 μm GI closed end, non-reflection required | ||
Optical connector | E2000 / APC | |||
Optical channels | 2 channels | 4 channels | 16 channels | |
Interface | Control | Controlled by DTSX3000 | ||
Display | LEDs: HRDY, RDY, Alarm, Active channel | |||
Power supply | Consumption | Operating 4 W Power save 1 W |
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Dimensions (W x H x D) | 71.65 x 130.0 x 160.3 mm (2 slots width) | |||
Weight | 0.63 kg | 0.65 kg | 0.75 kg |
Note: As a guideline, the module should be replaced periodically every 4.7, 6, and 9.5 years for continuous operation of 15-second, 20-second and 30-second measurements, respectively.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE and CONFORMITY to STANDARDS
Item | Specifications | |
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Safety Standards | CSA C22.2 No.61010-1-04 EN 61010-1:2010 EN 61010-2-030:2010 EN IEC 61010-2-201:2018 CU TR 004 |
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EMC Standards | CE Marking | EN 55011:2016+A1:2017 Class A Group 1 EN 61000-6-2:2005 EN 61000-3-2:2014 EN 61000-3-3:2013 |
RCM | EN 55011:2016+A1:2017 Class A Group 1 | |
KC Marking | Korea Electromagnetic Conformity Standard | |
EAC Marking | CU TR 020 | |
Laser safety | Class | IEC 60825-1:2007 Class1M IEC/EN 60825-1:2014 Class1 |
FDA (CDRH) | 21CFR Part 1040.10 | |
Standards for Hazardous Location Equipment | FM Nonincendive | Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D T4 FM 3600-2018 FM 3611-2018 FM 3810-2005 |
ATEX Type "n" | II 3 G Ex nA ic [op is Gc] IIC T4 Gc X EN IEC 60079-0:2018 EN 60079-11:2012 EN 60079-15:2010 EN 60079-28:2015 |
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CSA Non-Incendive | Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D T4 C22.2 No. 0-10 CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 0.4-04 C22.2 No. 213-M1987 TN-078 |
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Restriction of Hazardous Substances | RoHS Directive | EN IEC 63000:2018 |
Note: Under EU legislation, the manufacturer and the authorised representative in EEA (European Economic Area) are indicated below:
Manufacturer: YOKOGAWA Electric Corporation (2-9-32 Nakacho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8750, Japan).
Authorised representative in EEA: Yokogawa Europe B.V. (Euroweg 2, 3825 HD Amersfoort, The Netherlands).
Industries/Applicantions
Power
Yokogawa DTSX3000 can protect the infrastructure of existing power line/cable and reduce cost by monitoring the thermal dynamics of the power transmission and distribution line. By measuring the temperature of the power line, power grid operators can maximize the usable capacity of the power current by avoiding power cable damage and extending the cable life by maintaining optical power current. More importantly, operators can identify hot spots, fire breakout and location of fire along the entire grid. DTSX3000 minimizes the potential power grid network outages and streamlines preventative maintenance process. Because of its immunity to electromagnetic interference, DTSX3000 is ideal for high voltage, high noise environment. DTSX3000 is designed to deploy in the following environments:
- Underground power cables
- Subsea power cables
- Overhead power lines
- Distribution station
- Substations
Features | Benefits |
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Isolation from electromagnetic interference | Fiber optic is isolated from electrical magnetic current |
Real time temperature measurement and monitoring | Measure and monitor real time power grid/cable temperature |
Measure and monitor multiple power circuits/cables | Up to 16 channels of optical switch can be connected |
Report and data analysis | Access historical data using HTTP, SFTP or web browser |
Wide range of communication protocols | Connect to existing DCS, PLC, DAQ and wireless interface |
6km optical fiber = 6,000 points! | Cost effective way of measuring temperature compared to traditional sensor technology |
Pipeline
Yokogawa DTSX3000 offers superior pipeline leak detection by using fiber optic solutions that provide a complete temperature profile along the entire length of a pipeline. When a leak occurs anywhere along the pipeline, a localized temperature change is produced at that specific location. The optical fiber cable, due to its close proximity to the pipeline, has adequate thermal contact and can provide accurate temperature readings. By comparing every new temperature profile scan acquired against a reference profile taken under normal conditions, it is possible to detect temperature anomalies which may indicate a possible pipeline failure or external extrusion which might result in or be an actual break. DTSX3000 is designed to deploy in the following applications:
- Gas pipelines: Ammonia, natural gas, carbon dioxide
- Liquid pipelines: Crude oil, heated oil, gasoline, PNG, LNG, brine, steam
A leak induced temperature change can be either from a localized cooling or heating. For leaks occurring in pipelines carrying crude oil and other similar products, it is expected that a localized warming will result from a leak as it is often a common practice to transport the crude at a warm temperature to reduce its viscosity.
Leaks in pressurized gas pipelines or those carrying LNG or other cryogenic products, a localized cooling effect will be observed as a result of the Joule Thompson effect, whereby a rapidly expanding gas under pressure lowers the surrounding temperature.
Feature | Benefits |
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1m special resolution | Identify the exact location of the leak/failure |
Up to 0.1°C temperature resolution | Possible leak detection within the first 1 minute of occurrence * |
Fiber optic cable sensor | Real time, accurate and continuous detection of gas, oil and fuel pipeline leaks |
Report and data analysis | Access historical data using HTTP, SFTP or web browser |
Wide range of communication protocols | Connect to existing DCS, PLC, DAQ and wireless interface |
6km optical fiber = 6,000 points! | Cost effective way of measuring temperature compared to traditional sensor technology |
* Assuming appropriate scan rate and data refresh intervals are used
Fire Detection
Early fire detection to critical process and environment is an important component to any safety system. A blazing fire has devastating consequences to important assets, products and most importantly, human lives. Furthermore, the cost of downtime due to fire leads to lost opportunities and costly repairs. Discrete sensor technology often fails due to the surrounding environment conditions such as dust, humidity, heat and corrosion. In addition, it is expensive to maintain a conventional sensor technology due to constant repair. Yokogawa's DTSX3000 is designed to detect fire in critical assets under the most extreme conditions and offers unmatched reliability, performance and cost savings.
Yokogawa's DTSX3000 is designed to deploy in the following fire detection applications:
- Conveyor belts carrying important goods
- Tank farms
- Cable trays
- Underground tunnels
- Pipelines (underground, above ground)
- Nuclear facilities
- Mining, Refinery
Feature | Benefits |
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1m special resolution | Identify the exact location of the fire |
Up to 0.1°C temperature resolution | Possible fire detection within the first 10 seconds of occurrence * |
Fiber optic cable sensor | Unlike discrete sensor or IR camera, fiber optic cable eliminates "blind spots" |
Coated fiber optic cable | Immune to dust, humidity, corrosion and dirt |
Report and data analysis | Access historical data using HTTP, SFTP or web browser |
Wide range of communication protocols | Connect to existing DCS, PLC, DAQ and wireless interface |
6km optical fiber = 6,000 points! | Cost effective way of measuring temperature compared to traditional sensor technology |
* Assuming appropriate scan rate and data refresh intervals are used
Oil & Gas
The development of unconventional resources, such as heavy oil, oil sands and shale gas has been progressing in line with the increase in global energy demand. DTSX3000 can measure the temperature distribution along an optical fiber with a length of several kilometers are being applied to extraction of unconventional resources. DTSX3000 maximizes oil/gas extraction by providing real time continuous temperature measurement through different injection dynamics. In addition to well optimization, DTSX3000 provides critical data that help monitor and detect wellbore conditions for leaks, water penetration and gas breakthrough. DTSX3000 also provides control capability (measurement of flow, pressure, temperature, valve position, etc.) on top of fiber optic temperature measurement. More importantly, compared to conventional wellbore monitoring technology, DTSX3000 is more robust, cost effective and accurate.
Features | Benefits |
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Ultra low power consumption: 10W | Perfect for solar application in remote areas |
Operating temperature range: -40 °C to 65 °C | Perfect for rugged environment without cooling or heating |
Fiber optic cable sensor | Provides a complete and continuous profile of the downhole well |
Control capability with NFCP050 module | Monitor and control external devices such as flow, pressure, valve position, temperature, etc. |
Wide range of communication protocols | Connect to existing DCS, PLC, DAQ and wireless interface |
6km optical fiber = 6,000 points! | Cost effective way of measuring temperature compared to traditional sensor technology |
Erőforrások
What if you could detect signs of abnormalities in bus ducts (bus bars) quickly during maintenance and inspection work and respond to them at just the right time? Yokogawa DTSX monitoring solution constantly monitors connections that tend to deteriorate over time and contributes by pinpointing abnormality locations and reducing workload of maintenance personnel, helping to ensure stability in plant operations.
A belt conveyor fire detection solution employing the DTSX distributed optical fiber temperature sensor can greatly reduce crises that can threaten a company's survival.
Smart Monitoring of Manufacturing Process Shelves and Storage Shelves (In-vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Applications)
Temperature Monitoring Solution for
Quick Detection of Fires in Fume Ducts
Prevention of Fires in Exhaust Air Ducts in Battery Assembly Process (In-vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Applications)
With industrial and economic development comes increasingly large and advanced power plants and factories. Nevertheless, we find many cases where the original cables, cable tunnels, and other components of the power infrastructure have languished under continuous operation.
Monitoring of Soundness of Power Supply Bus Bar (In-vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Applications)
Reactor/Furnace Wall Healthiness Monitoring with a Fiber Optical Temperature Sensor
Monitoring of Separator/Electrode Drying Furnace Temperature Distribution (In-vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Applications)
Temperature Monitoring Solution forMaximum VSD Operating Efficiency
Recently, several ARC Advisory Group analysts and management team members had a chance to sit down with the new Yokogawa President and COO, Mr. Takashi Nishijima, and several other top Yokogawa executives to discuss the company's burgeoning presence in the worldwide upstream and midstream oil & gas industry.
Downloads
Brosúrák
- Distributed Temperature Sensor DTSX3000/DTSX200 (2.1 MB)
- DTSX, STARDOM and FAST/TOOLS Solution (997 KB)
- Temperature Sensing Solutions (596 KB)
Hírek
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Sajtóközlemény aug 19, 2015 Yokogawa Features Automation and Instrumentation Solutions for the Offshore Oil & Gas Sector
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