Conductivity Analyzers

Conductivity Analyzer GuideYokogawa is a recognized world leader for reliable conductivity equipment, providing credible and repeatable measurement solutions for maintaining and controlling even the most demanding process applications.

Yokogawa offers conductivity analyzers suitable for measuring the two most common conductivity measurement methods: contacting and inductive (also known as toroidal or electrodeless). Our conductivity analyzers provide high precision measurement and are built to withstand the harshest applications, requiring minimum maintenance and helping you achieve increased efficiency and reduced operating costs.

 

 

  FLXA402 FLXA202 FLXA21
 

FLXA402

FLXA202/FLXA21

FLXA21

Area Classification General Purpose, FM Class I Div II pending General Purpose, Class I Div II, Class I Div I General Purpose, Class I Div II, Class I Div I
Power Supply 4-Wire 100-240 VAC; 4-Wire 12-24 VDC 2-Wire Loop Powered 24VDC 2-Wire Loop Powered 24VDC
Communication 4-20mA, HART, Ethernet (Modbus TCP), RS-485 (Modbus RTU) 4-20mA, HART, Ethernet (Modbus TCP), RS-485 (Modbus RTU) 4-20mA, HART, FF and PA*
Contacts and Relays 4 SPDT relay contacts with display indicators N/A N/A
Measurement Type pH, ORP (oxidation- reduction potential) , Contacting Conductivity, Resistivity
Inductive Conductivity, Percent Concentration, Dissolved Oxygen and 4-20 mA input
pH, ORP (oxidation- reduction potential) , Contacting Conductivity, Resistivity
Inductive Conductivity, Percent Concentration, Dissolved Oxygen and 4-20 mA input
pH, ORP (oxidation- reduction potential) , Contacting Conductivity, Resistivity
Inductive Conductivity, Percent Concentration, Dissolved Oxygen and 4-20 mA input

*FF and PF available in the Plastic FLXA21 for contacting conductivity and resistivity

  • 2-Wire Transmitter/Analyzer FLXA202

    The FLEXA™ series analyzers are used for continuous on-line measurements in industrial installations. With an option for single or dual sensor measurement, they are the most flexible two-wire analyzer available.

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  • 2-Wire Transmitter/Analyzer FLXA21

    The FLEXA™ series analyzers are used for continuous on-line measurements in industrial installations. With an option for single or dual sensor measurement, they are the most flexible two-wire analyzer available.

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  • Portable Conductivity Handheld Meter SC72

    Compact, lightweight, and dripproof, the SC72 is the ideal Conductivity meter for field use. Features wide-range auto-ranging, automatic temperature compensation, self-diagnostic functions, and a large, easy-to-read LCD display.

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Details

Water Purification

Brine Manufacturing
Brine is often used within industrial processes such as food and beverage, refineries, textile dyeing house, and chemical plants as well as in municipalities or for commercial use as a final product applied to pavement roadways or commercial parking lots as an anti-icing or de-icing agent.

Conductivity measurement can be used as a reliable indicator of the real-time brine concentration. Utilizing online process analyzers removes the need for timely grab sample analysis. Yokogawa’s inductive conductivity analyzers help you achieve increased efficiency and reduced operating costs while realizing reliable brine concentration measurements.

Salt Curves

Boiler Blowdown
The frequency and duration required for boiler blowdown is significantly affected by water quality. Raw water used to feed the boilers contains varying levels of impurities that must be removed to protect the boiler and associated equipment. Pretreatment processes such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, filtration, softening and demineralization may be used to reduce the level of impurities. Unfortunately, even the best pretreatment processes will not remove all impurities and will continuously carry some dissolved mineral impurities into the boiler.

Improving feedwater quality through make-up water, chemical treatment, and proper blowdown control can significantly reduce costs including:

  • Reduced operating costs
  • Reduced maintenance and repair costs
  • Cleaner and more efficient steam
  • Energy savings
  • Increase efficiency and reduce operating costs using Yokogawa’s conductivity products.

Boiler Blowdown

 

Pharmaceutical Waters
Yokogawa’s conductivity transmitters and converters possess USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) functions to simplify and automate USP requirements. The FLEXA two-wire conductivity transmitter has the USP23/24 Stage One table pre-programmed in its software. When enabled, the transmitter will send a FAIL signal when the water exceeds the USP limit and can display and transmit the uncompensated conductivity that USP mandates for compliance recording.

graph:ConductivityThe SC450 and DC402 four-wire conductivity converters have additional USP features with the ability to display and transmit the uncompensated conductivity for USP compliance, as well as the NaCl temperature compensated measurement, valuable for process control.

The USP23/24 Stage One table is pre-programmed into these instruments, and a FAIL alarm will be given if the conductivity limits are exceeded. Alarms on these units can be dedicated as USP “warning” alarms with user-defined safety margins. These “warning” alarms will inform the operator that his/ or her water is trending towards the USP limit and will allow him/or her to take preemptive corrective action.

 

Demineralizer
Ion Exchange is a method for the exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex molecule. In most cases, the term is used to denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic ion exchangers.

The dual channel process liquid analyzer gives you the ability to measure the bed’s inlets and outlets and calculate the ratio or % passage of the bed.

Demineralizer

 

Heat Exchanger Leakage
Corrosion on the process side causes the heat exchanger tubing to mechanically fail, allowing the process fluid to leak into the condensate return line. This can cause serious damage to the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condensate downstream of the heat exchanger and to dump it as soon as it shows signs of contamination.

An excellent indication of contamination can be obtained by measuring the conductivity of the condensate because pure condensate has a very low conductivity value (1 to 10 µS) while contaminates (typically salts, acids or alkalis) that are introduced when leakage occurs have a significantly higher conductivity value. Because of the sizeable differences in values, even the slightest leak will sharply increase the conductivity reading. Any marked increase in the conductivity of the condensate indicates that leakage is present and that the condensate should be sent to drain.

Measurement and control of heat exchanger leakage can help prevent costly maintenance, repair, and downtime. The simple, essentially maintenance-free measurement of condensate conductivity gives operators the necessary information (or provides automatic control) to prevent severe damage to the boiler should a breakthrough of the heat exchanger occur.

 

Measuring the Electric Conductivity with Clean-in-Place (CIP) System

In the Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Food & Beverage industries, after manufacturing products, the cleaning and sterilization of tanks and piping are done with various cleaning solutions, fresh or hot water and steam. Clean-in-Place (CIP) is a system designed for automatic cleaning and disinfecting.

Yokogawa’s inductive conductivity liquid process analyzer takes measurements with good boundary surface precision over a wide range, earning it a reputation in the recovery of cleaning, which contributes significantly to reduce chemical and wastewater processing costs.

Percent Concentration

There are numerous industrial applications where measurements and/or control of a specific chemical strength of the process is critical for optimizing the production of the end product. These specific concentrations are obtained by mixing a full strength solution with water to achieve the desired percent concentration. Conductivity measurement is a reliable indicator of the concentration of most acid or base solutions.

Resources

Application Note
Overview:

Ion Exchange is a method for the exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex molecule. In most cases the term is used to denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic ion exchangers.

Overview:

In a semiconductor plant, a variety of chemicals are used in various manufacturing processes. The chemicals used for specific purposes are produced by diluting raw liquid with demineralized water using in diluting equipment, and the control of the concentration at this point is performed by conductivity measurement. 

Overview:

Caustic soda and hydrochloric acid, produced in electrolyzer plants, are fundamental materials used in varieties of industries; chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petrol-chemicals, pulp and papers, etc. Profit is the result of the effective production with minimized running / maintenance cost. Proper control of the process brings you stabilized quality of products with the vast operational profit.

Industries:
Overview:

Measurement and control of Heat Exchanger Leakage can help prevent costly maintenance, repair and downtime. The simple, essentially maintenance-free measurement of condensate conductivity will give the operator information necessary (or provide automatic control) to prevent severe damage to the boiler should a breakthrough of the heat exchanger occur.

Overview:

To defray energy costs, many industrial plants have their own boilers to generate steam in order to produce a portion of their energy needs. In addition to generating power, the steam may also be used directly in plant processes or indirectly via heat exchangers or steam jacketed vessels.

Overview:

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a separation process that uses pressure to force a solution through a membrane that retains the solute on one side and allows the pure solvent to pass to the other side. More formally, it is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure.

Application Note
Overview:

The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) describes a technology for conversion of wood into wood pulp consisting of almost pure cellulose fibers. Wood chips are by harsh chemicals (white liquor) to produce pulp and spent liquor (black liquor).

Industries:
Overview:

There are numerous industrial applications where measurements and/or control of a specific chemical strength of the process is critical for optimizing the production of the end product. These specific concentrations are obtained by mixing a full strength solution with water to achieve the desired percent concentration.

Industries:
Application Note
Overview:

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) is the governing body responsible for issuing guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry. Implementing these guidelines is required for companies that bring drugs to the US market. This means that USP is important to all pharmaceutical companies, period.

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