Vortex(와류) 유량계

Water (1)

Yokogawa는 1968 년 세계 최초의 와류 유량계를 출시했습니다. 장기간의 안정성과 고정밀도 덕분에 고객들은 지난 40 년간 생산성을 크게 향상 시켰습니다. Yokogawa는 끊임없이 변화하는 시장의 요구에 부응하여 고온, 극저온, 이중 센서, 내경 및 FOUNDATION Fieldbus 통신 버전을 출시했습니다.

Vortex Timeline

      40 년이상 Yokogawa의 와류 유량계 혁신

Details

Vortex Flow Meters - Principle of Operation

Vortex Flow Meters use the Von Karman Effect to measure the rate of flow of a fluid or gas.

What is the Von Karman Effect?

Early in the 20th century, a Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist, Theodore von Karman, discovered that a fluid or gas flowing perpendicularly pass a bluff body would generate alternating vortices on both sides of the body.  The path of these vortices is called the Von Karman Street.

Von Karman (3)

Von Karman found that if the frequency of these vortices was measured, that the frequency is proportional to the flow velocity that is generating the vortices. This frequency is called the Karmen Vortex Frequency. The relationship of the fequency and the flow velocity can be mathematically expressed with the following formula:

Vortex Formula (3)

From the equation, we can see that the frequency is proportional to the velocity. If we can measure the frequency (f), know the Strouhal number (St), know the shedder bar width (d); we can solve for v (velocity).

Vortex Formula 2 (1)

How do we measure the frequency of the vortices?

As vortices form and pass the shedder bar (the bluff body), they create a low pressure as compared to the rest of the fluid. This low pressure produces a differential pressure (dp) across the shedder bar. The high pressure side of the dp exerts stress on the shedder bar in the direction of the low pressure. As the location of the low pressure side alternates due to the vortices switching from side-to-side, the change in direction of the exerted force causes the shedder bar to oscillate. This oscillation is equal to the Karmen Vortex Frequency

Vortices 2 (4)

There are several methods in the marketplace to measure the oscillation. Diaphragms or capacitance sensors are two of the more common; but, the best method is the use of Piezo-electric crystal sensors. These sensors, when compressed, produce an electric signal that can be sent to the Flow meter's electronics. Now that the Karmen Vortex Frequency is measured (and we know the St and d), the flow meter electronics can do simple calculations to determine volumetric flow through the pipe.

What are the advantages of using Vortex Flow Meters?

  • High Accuracy

The accuracy of the vortex flow meter is ±1% (pulse output) of the indicated value for both liquids and gases and is higher compared to orifice flow meters. For liquids, an accuracy of ±0.75% is available depending on the fluid type and their conditions.

  • Wide Rangeability

Rangeability is defined as the ratio of maximum value to minimum value of the measureable range. It is braod rangeability the allows vortex flow meters to operate in processes where the measuring point may fluctuate greatly.

  • Output is Proportional to Flow Rate

Since the output is directly proportional to the flow rate (flow velocity), no square root calculation is needed, while orifice flow meters require square root calculations.

  • No Zero-point Fluctuation

Since frequency is poutput from the sensor, zero-point shift does not occur.

  • Minimal Pressure Loss

Since only the vortex shedder is placed in the pipe of the vortex flow meter, the fluid pressure loss due to the small restriction in the flow piping is small compared with flow meter a having an orifice plate.

 

 

자료실

Overview:
  • Fieldbus technology introduced to realize predictive and preventive maintenance.
  • ISAE to improve the reliability of diagnosis and parameter setting, utilizing data collected by PRM.
Overview:
  • Yokogawa's integrated solution contributed to reliable and efficient operation.
  • All the instrument information is fully integrated with the instrument management system.
Yokogawa Technical Report
Overview:

Progress in digital signal processing and network technologies has enabled advanced functions which cannot be achieved by traditional field devices with 4-20 mA signal, to be implemented on field devices. Standardization of international fieldbus specifications, notably the FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus, has enabled users to build optimum field networks comprised of freely chosen field devices from various device vendors.

Yokogawa Technical Report
Overview:

Vortex flow meters have been appreciated by users as volume flow meters, which can, in principle, be applied to any flow measurement of liquid, gas, or steam. Volume flow measurement is enough for substances with small variations in density such as liquid. 

Yokogawa Technical Report
Overview:

The operating principle of the vortex flow meters YEWFLO series, which first became commercially available in 1979, is based on the phenomenon in which the frequency of a Kàrmàn vortex train that occurs from a vortex shedder placed in a fluid flow, is proportional to the speed of that flow.

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